"So, we developed a structured, epidemiological questionnaire that has been validated in multiple studies." "When we first started, there was no method for assessing the number of head impacts a player experienced," Dr. The research team developed a specialized questionnaire for players to determine how often they hit the soccer ball with their head. The study included 148 young adult amateur soccer players (mean age 27, 26% women). While previous research has examined adverse effects on the brain related to soccer heading at a single point in time, this new study looked at brain changes over two years. "A large part of this concern relates to the potential for changes in young adulthood to confer risk for neurodegeneration and dementia later in life." Lipton, M.D., Ph.D., professor of radiology at Columbia University's Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and affiliate professor of biomedical engineering at Columbia University. "There is enormous worldwide concern for brain injury in general and in the potential for soccer heading to cause long-term adverse brain effects in particular," said senior author Michael L.
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